Food is moved down the gut by muscular contractions called peristalsis. The cuticle sheds with every moult along with the exoskeleton. The mesenteron is not lined with cuticle but with rapidly dividing and therefore constantly replaced, epithelial cells. The stomatedeum and proctodeum are invaginations of the epidermis and are lined with cuticle (intima).
Saliva mixes with food, which travels through salivary tubes into the mouth, beginning the process of breaking it down. The salivary glands (30) produce saliva the salivary ducts lead from the glands to the reservoirs and then forward through the head to an opening called the salivarium behind the hypopharynx which movements of the mouthparts help mix saliva with food in the buccal cavity. These structures usually reside in the thorax (adjacent to the fore-gut). In addition to the alimentary canal, insects also have paired salivary glands and salivary reservoirs. The three regions include the foregut (stomatodeum)(27,) the midgut (mesenteron)(13), and the hindgut (proctodeum)(16). Sphincters control the food and fluid movement between three regions. The alimentary canal has specific sections for grinding and food storage, enzyme production, and nutrient absorption. The alimentary canal only allows food to enter the mouth, and then gets processed as it travels toward the anus. The insect's digestive system is a closed system, with one long enclosed coiled tube called the alimentary canal which runs lengthwise through the body.
This break-down process is known as digestion. amino acids, simple sugars, etc.) before being used by cells of the body for energy, growth, or reproduction. Most of this food is ingested in the form of macromolecules and other complex substances (such as proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids) which must be broken down by catabolic reactions into smaller molecules (i.e. Ī general overview of the internal structure and physiology of the insect is presented, including digestive, circulatory, respiratory, muscular, endocrine and nervous systems, as well as sensory organs, temperature control, flight and molting.Īn insect uses its digestive system to extract nutrients and other substances from the food it consumes. The abdomen generally comprises eleven segments and contains the digestive and reproductive organs. Usually the middle and the last segment of the thorax have paired wings. The thorax is made up of three segments: the pro, meso and meta thorax, each supporting a pair of legs which may also differ, depending on function, e.g. The head comprises six fused segments with compound eyes, ocelli, antennae and mouthparts, which differ according to the insect's particular diet, e.g. The insect is made up of three main body regions (tagmata), the head, thorax and abdomen. Īlthough diverse, insects are quite similar in overall design, internally and externally. Insect physiology includes the physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems.
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